redefined-designs/backend/src/itemFilters.ts

// Parsing and SQL construction for the storefront's category / tag / price
// filters. Kept apart from the route so the rules can be unit-tested without a
// database, and so items.ts stays a thin handler.

import { ItemStatus } from './types';
export type { ItemStatus };

export class FilterError extends Error {}

export interface ItemFilters {
  categoryId: number | null;
  tagIds: number[];
  minPriceCents: number | null;
  maxPriceCents: number | null;
  // Several statuses rather than one, because the control this exists to serve
  // is not a status filter. "Not sold" is available-or-reserved on the
  // storefront and available-or-reserved-or-pending in the admin, so it cannot
  // be expressed as equality against a single value. A single-status filter is
  // still expressible: it arrives as a list of one, which is how the admin's
  // old `?status=sold` keeps working unchanged.
  //
  // Null means the caller expressed no preference, which is distinct from
  // asking for every status — the storefront turns the first into its default
  // and the second into an explicit list.
  status: ItemStatus[] | null;
  // Storefront only: "just the items I have favorited". Which customer that
  // means is not part of the parsed filter — it comes from the session at build
  // time, so a query string can never name someone else's favorites.
  favoritesOnly: boolean;
}

// Matched exactly, not case-insensitively: `items.status` only ever holds these
// lowercase values, so accepting 'Reserved' would quietly return nothing rather
// than reporting that the filter was wrong.
const ITEM_STATUSES: readonly string[] = ['pending', 'available', 'reserved', 'sold'];

// Storefront-invalid statuses. This parser is shared with the admin routes,
// where filtering by 'pending' is exactly the point, so the public routes have
// to refuse it themselves rather than the parser refusing it for everyone.
export const NON_PUBLIC_STATUSES: readonly ItemStatus[] = ['pending'];

// What the storefront lists when the caller expressed no preference. Named here
// rather than implied by the absence of a parameter, because the absence is now
// meaningful: before this change no status meant every status, and afterwards it
// means these two. Anything reading a shared link from before will get the new
// meaning, which is the accepted cost of the default changing.
export const STOREFRONT_DEFAULT_STATUSES: readonly ItemStatus[] = ['available', 'reserved'];

// What "All" can mean on the storefront, which is not all of them. Pending items
// are excluded from every public read unconditionally, so a filter labelled All
// must not promise the fourth — a label that delivers less than it says is the
// shape this codebase keeps designing against.
export const STOREFRONT_ALL_STATUSES: readonly ItemStatus[] = ['available', 'reserved', 'sold'];

export interface BuiltFilter {
  clauses: string[];
  params: unknown[];
}

// Deliberately excludes a leading sign and any decimal point: every filter
// value is a non-negative integer (an id, or a price in cents), so '-1' and
// '10.5' are caller mistakes worth surfacing rather than silently coercing.
const NON_NEGATIVE_INTEGER = /^\d+$/;

// Accepts both spellings because these URLs get hand-edited and shared, but
// nothing else: '?favorites=yes' is a mistake worth reporting rather than
// treating as either on or off.
const TRUE_VALUES: readonly string[] = ['1', 'true'];
const FALSE_VALUES: readonly string[] = ['0', 'false'];

function singleValue(value: unknown, name: string): string | null {
  if (value === undefined || value === null) {
    return null;
  }
  // Express parses `?category=1&category=2` into an array. Picking one silently
  // would make a malformed link look like it worked, so refuse it instead.
  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
    throw new FilterError(`${name} may only be given once`);
  }
  if (typeof value !== 'string') {
    throw new FilterError(`invalid ${name}`);
  }
  return value;
}

function parseNonNegativeInteger(raw: string, name: string): number {
  if (!NON_NEGATIVE_INTEGER.test(raw)) {
    throw new FilterError(`invalid ${name}`);
  }
  const parsed = Number(raw);
  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(parsed)) {
    throw new FilterError(`invalid ${name}`);
  }
  return parsed;
}

function parseId(raw: string, name: string): number {
  const parsed = parseNonNegativeInteger(raw, name);
  if (parsed < 1) {
    throw new FilterError(`invalid ${name}`);
  }
  return parsed;
}

function parsePrice(value: unknown, name: string): number | null {
  const raw = singleValue(value, name);
  if (raw === null || raw === '') {
    return null;
  }
  return parseNonNegativeInteger(raw, name);
}

function parseCategoryId(value: unknown): number | null {
  const raw = singleValue(value, 'category');
  if (raw === null || raw === '') {
    return null;
  }
  return parseId(raw, 'category');
}

function parseTagIds(value: unknown): number[] {
  const raw = singleValue(value, 'tags');
  const tagIds: number[] = [];
  if (!raw) {
    return tagIds;
  }
  for (const part of raw.split(',')) {
    const trimmed = part.trim();
    if (trimmed === '') {
      continue;
    }
    const id = parseId(trimmed, 'tags');
    // Duplicates would inflate the required-match count in buildItemFilterSql
    // and make the filter match nothing at all.
    if (!tagIds.includes(id)) {
      tagIds.push(id);
    }
  }
  return tagIds;
}

// Comma-separated, matching how `tags` already works, so the two multi-value
// parameters in this parser read the same way in a URL.
//
// An unrecognised name is refused rather than dropped. Silently ignoring one
// would turn `?status=available,sold_out` into "available only" — narrower than
// what was asked for, and indistinguishable from a filter that worked.
function parseStatus(value: unknown): ItemStatus[] | null {
  const raw = singleValue(value, 'status');
  if (raw === null || raw === '') {
    return null;
  }
  const statuses: ItemStatus[] = [];
  for (const part of raw.split(',')) {
    const trimmed = part.trim();
    if (trimmed === '') {
      continue;
    }
    if (!ITEM_STATUSES.includes(trimmed)) {
      throw new FilterError('invalid status');
    }
    // Duplicates are harmless in `= ANY(...)`, but removing them keeps the
    // parsed filter a faithful description of what was asked for.
    if (!statuses.includes(trimmed as ItemStatus)) {
      statuses.push(trimmed as ItemStatus);
    }
  }
  // `?status=,,` asked for something and named nothing. Returning null would
  // silently mean "no status filter", which on the storefront now means the
  // default rather than everything — a different answer from the one requested.
  if (statuses.length === 0) {
    throw new FilterError('invalid status');
  }
  return statuses;
}

function parseFavoritesOnly(value: unknown): boolean {
  const raw = singleValue(value, 'favorites');
  if (raw === null || raw === '') {
    return false;
  }
  if (TRUE_VALUES.includes(raw)) {
    return true;
  }
  if (FALSE_VALUES.includes(raw)) {
    return false;
  }
  throw new FilterError('invalid favorites');
}

// The per-field parsing lives in the helpers above; what stays here is the
// order they run in and the one rule that spans two fields. Order is
// deliberate and observable: a query wrong in two ways reports the first
// field, so moving these lines around changes which error a caller sees.
export function parseItemFilters(query: Record<string, unknown>): ItemFilters {
  const categoryId = parseCategoryId(query.category);
  const tagIds = parseTagIds(query.tags);

  const minPriceCents = parsePrice(query.min_price, 'min_price');
  const maxPriceCents = parsePrice(query.max_price, 'max_price');
  if (minPriceCents !== null && maxPriceCents !== null && minPriceCents > maxPriceCents) {
    throw new FilterError('min_price may not exceed max_price');
  }

  const status = parseStatus(query.status);
  const favoritesOnly = parseFavoritesOnly(query.favorites);

  return { categoryId, tagIds, minPriceCents, maxPriceCents, status, favoritesOnly };
}

// Returns WHERE fragments plus their parameters, with placeholders numbered
// from `startIndex` so the caller can splice these in after its own params.
//
// `favoritesCustomerId` is required rather than optional so a caller has to say
// whose favorites it means, even when it means nobody's. Both routes already
// reject a favorites filter they cannot satisfy, so reaching the throw below is
// a programming error — but it is here so that a future caller which forgets
// the guard fails loudly instead of quietly ignoring the filter and listing the
// whole catalogue.
export function buildItemFilterSql(
  filters: ItemFilters,
  startIndex: number,
  favoritesCustomerId: number | null
): BuiltFilter {
  const clauses: string[] = [];
  const params: unknown[] = [];
  let next = startIndex;

  if (filters.categoryId !== null) {
    params.push(filters.categoryId);
    // Selecting a category means "and everything filed beneath it", so walk the
    // tree down from the chosen node. A recursive CTE keeps the tree
    // un-denormalized: reparenting stays a single UPDATE with no stored paths
    // to rewrite.
    clauses.push(`i.category_id IN (
      WITH RECURSIVE subtree AS (
        SELECT id FROM categories WHERE id = $${next}
        UNION ALL
        SELECT c.id FROM categories c JOIN subtree s ON c.parent_id = s.id
      )
      SELECT id FROM subtree
    )`);
    next++;
  }

  if (filters.tagIds.length) {
    params.push(filters.tagIds, filters.tagIds.length);
    // AND, not OR: the item must carry every selected tag. Matching with
    // `tag_id = ANY(...)` alone would return items holding just one of them, so
    // the count of matched rows has to equal the number requested.
    clauses.push(
      `(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM item_tags it
        WHERE it.item_id = i.id AND it.tag_id = ANY($${next}::int[])) = $${next + 1}`
    );
    next += 2;
  }

  if (filters.minPriceCents !== null) {
    params.push(filters.minPriceCents);
    clauses.push(`i.price_cents >= $${next}`);
    next++;
  }

  if (filters.maxPriceCents !== null) {
    params.push(filters.maxPriceCents);
    clauses.push(`i.price_cents <= $${next}`);
    next++;
  }

  if (filters.status !== null) {
    params.push(filters.status);
    // ANY rather than equality, so one status and several use the same clause.
    // The ::text[] cast is explicit because `status` is a text column and the
    // driver would otherwise have to infer the array's element type.
    clauses.push(`i.status = ANY($${next}::text[])`);
    next++;
  }

  if (filters.favoritesOnly) {
    if (favoritesCustomerId === null) {
      throw new Error('favorites filter requires a customer id');
    }
    params.push(favoritesCustomerId);
    // EXISTS rather than a join: an item is favorited by a customer at most
    // once, but joining would still risk multiplying rows if that ever changed,
    // and this reads as the membership test it is.
    clauses.push(`EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM favorites f WHERE f.item_id = i.id AND f.customer_id = $${next})`);
    next++;
  }

  return { clauses, params };
}